Article 235, Constitution

57 Landmark Constitutional Cases: Complete Notes

About this topic ▶ Watch this part of the lecture (0:00) These notes cover the 57 most important cases of Indian Constitutional Law . They are the cases that keep coming up in LL.B. examinations, in judiciary examinations and in every serious discussion of constitutional law. Every case is studied…

411 min read 16 Oct 2026

In Dheeraj Mor v. High Court of Delhi (2020), the Supreme Court interpreted Article 233. It held that people already in judicial service, or with mixed experience as advocate and judge, cannot apply for the 25% direct recruitment (Bar) quota for District Judges. That quota is only for practising advocates with at least seven years of practice. Students must also know that a five-judge Constitution Bench expressly overruled this decision on 9 October 2025 in Rejanish K. V. v. K. Deepa.

A seven-judge Constitution Bench of the Supreme Court held that the President and the Governor are constitutional heads who act on the aid and advice of the Council of Ministers. Where the Constitution speaks of their 'satisfaction', it means the satisfaction of the Council of Ministers, not their personal satisfaction. The Court overruled Sardari Lal and set aside the termination of two probationer judges, holding that a termination which is in substance a punishment attracts the protection of Article 311(2).