Constitutional & Public Law
Topic by topic
This topic gives a correct legal label to people who move, or who have no State at all: nationals, stateless persons, internally displaced persons (IDPs), immigrants, refugees and asylum seekers. Each label carries different rights and different protectors.
20 min read
Recognition decides whether a new entity is treated as a state, and whether a new authority is treated as the government of a state, by other states. Three problem situations show why the topic matters. They are answered at the end of these notes.
14 min read
The law of treaties decides whether an agreement between States is a treaty, how it is made, whom it binds and on what terms, whether it is valid, and when it ends. Three imaginary problems show the kind of questions it answers.
23 min read
Ships entering foreign ports, aircraft crossing the skies of other countries and parcels moving between nations all follow rules that no single country made. Those rules are international law . Yet some of history's most respected legal minds insisted that it is not law at all.
15 min read
This topic explains how international law and the law inside a country (municipal law) relate to each other: whether they form one legal system or two, which of them prevails when they clash, and how Indian courts actually treat treaties and customary international law.
16 min read
Article 2, paragraph 3 of the UN Charter mandates that all Member States must resolve their international disputes through peaceful means, ensuring that such disputes do not threaten international peace, security, or ju…
12 min read
Conflicts are inherently tied to foreign affairs and are no longer confined to just disputes between states but also involve international organizations and other non-state actors. The United Nations (UN) Charter plays…
11 min read
International Law is viewed by the global community as a key instrument for establishing and maintaining world peace and security. Ensuring international peace has always been a central objective of International Law, u…
10 min read
Following the Second World War, the Permanent Court of International Justice (PCIJ) was succeeded by the International Court of Justice (ICJ), which is recognized as the primary judicial body of the United Nations under…
9 min read
The International Court of Justice (ICJ), also known as the World Court, is the main judicial branch of the United Nations (UN). Established in 1945 and starting operations in April 1946, it is one of the six principal…
11 min read
The peaceful settlement of international disputes is a core principle of international law that emphasizes resolving conflicts without resorting to force. This principle is rooted in the broader framework of Internation…
11 min read
Extradition refers to the process where one state hands over an individual, either accused of a crime or a convicted criminal who has escaped, to another state. This process occurs at the request of the state seeking to…
5 min read
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