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The Law Easy

B.S.A. 2023

Section 108, B.S.A.

In force from 1 July 2024

Study material

Explained in

Published material from The Law Easy that cites Section 108.

Notes and articles

B.S.A.

B.S.A. (Law of Evidence): 2-Hour Study Guide

These notes cover the law of evidence under the B.S.A., 2023, following the LL.B. Semester III course outline (July–December 2026, NLU Odisha). The material is arranged in six modules and 47 numbered concepts, followed by a last-minute revision section.

161 min read

B.S.A. Complete notes

B.S.A.: Complete Notes

About this subject ▶ Watch this part of the lecture (0:00) A judge must decide, months or years later, what happened in an incident the judge never saw. The only way is through evidence , the bridge between the past event and the present courtroom. The Law of Evidence decides which planks can build…

127 min read

B.N.S.

General Defences: Absence of Criminal Intent

Some acts look like offences on their face, yet the law says that nothing is an offence . The reason lies in a set of general exceptions in Chapter III of the B.N.S. (2023): Sections 19 to 24 , and Sections 30, 31 and 32 .

30 min read

B.N.S.

General Defences: Sections 14–18 B.N.S.

Sections 14 to 18 of the B.N.S. are the first general defences. Each one answers a familiar plea made by a person who has hurt someone or taken away someone's liberty:

17 min read

B.N.S.

Private Defence

The right of private defence is dealt with in Sections 34 to 44 of the B.N.S. These eleven Sections close Chapter 3 , the chapter on General Exceptions . They explain when a person who uses force to protect a body or property is protected by the law, and when the same force becomes a crime.

28 min read

Practice MCQs

3 practice questions test this section.

  1. 1 An accused person pleads a General Exception under Chapter 3 of the B.N.S. According to the lecture, which statement correctly describes the burden and standard of proof under Section 108 of the B.S.A.?
  2. 2 An accused pleads private defence in a murder trial. As explained in the lecture with reference to Section 108 of the B.S.A., what standard must the accused meet to establish this plea?
  3. 3 An accused relies on one of the General Exceptions under the B.N.S. According to the lecture, what standard must the accused meet to establish the exception?
Practise B.S.A. MCQs

Official text

We show statutory text only after checking it word for word against the official source. Read Section 108 of the B.S.A. 2023 on India Code.

Open India Code