33:33
Hurt and Grievous Hurt under B.N.S.
B.N.S.
Study material
Explained in
Published material from The Law Easy that cites Section 23.
Video lectures
33:33
Notes and articles
B.N.S.S.
30 B.N.S.S. Concepts in Brief: Quick Notes
These quick notes cover 30 core concepts of the B.N.S.S., taken one at a time: the role of the three new criminal codes, classification of offences, F.I.R. and complaint, investigation, arrest and the rights of the arrested person, confessions, search and forensic safeguards, bail (regular, anticip…
25 min read
Constitutional Law II Case compilation
57 Landmark Constitutional Cases: Complete Notes
About this topic ▶ Watch this part of the lecture (0:00) These notes cover the 57 most important cases of Indian Constitutional Law . They are the cases that keep coming up in LL.B. examinations, in judiciary examinations and in every serious discussion of constitutional law. Every case is studied…
411 min read
B.N.S.S. Complete notes
B.N.S.S.
The objectives of criminal procedure are crucial for the effective functioning of the criminal justice system.
201 min read
B.N.S.S. Complete notes
B.N.S.S.: Complete Notes
About this subject ▶ Watch this part of the lecture (0:00) A crime may take a few seconds, but what follows can last for years: information to the police, investigation and perhaps arrest, production before a Magistrate, bail, a report in court, a decision whether to put the person on trial, eviden…
201 min read
B.S.A.
B.S.A. (Law of Evidence): 2-Hour Study Guide
These notes cover the law of evidence under the B.S.A., 2023, following the LL.B. Semester III course outline (July–December 2026, NLU Odisha). The material is arranged in six modules and 47 numbered concepts, followed by a last-minute revision section.
161 min read
B.S.A. Complete notes
B.S.A.: Complete Notes
About this subject ▶ Watch this part of the lecture (0:00) A judge must decide, months or years later, what happened in an incident the judge never saw. The only way is through evidence , the bridge between the past event and the present courtroom. The Law of Evidence decides which planks can build…
127 min read
Constitutional Law II Complete notes
Constitutional Law II: Complete Notes
Constitutional Law II deals with civil liberties. It is studied in eight units, from the question of who is a citizen of India to how the Constitution enforces the rights it gives. These rights are at work in ordinary life: when a person speaks his mind online, prays in his own way, or is stopped b…
130 min read
B.S.A.
Law of Evidence (B.S.A.): Previous Year Papers Solved, 2022–2025
These notes give exam-ready answers to the actual questions set in the six most recent Law of Evidence papers of National Law University Odisha (NLUO), from 2022 to 2025.
156 min read
Case laws
Selvi
Supreme Court of India · 2010
In Selvi v. State of Karnataka (2010), the Supreme Court held that forcing an accused to undergo narco-analysis, polygraph or brain mapping (BEAP) tests is unconstitutional. Such compulsion violates the right against self-incrimination under Article 20(3) and the rights to personal liberty, privacy and dignity under Article 21. The case strikes a balance between effective criminal investigation and human rights, and it later became one foundation of the right to privacy recognised in Puttaswamy (2017).
Constitutional Law II
Practice MCQs
2 practice questions test this section.
- 1 An accused in police custody tells the police: "I will produce a knife concealed in the roof of my house, with which I stabbed A." The knife is then recovered from the roof. Applying the rule in Pulukuri Kottaya v. Emper...
- 2 Prince is arrested for the murder of Farhan. At the police station he tells the Inspector, "I killed Farhan." According to the lecture, how should this statement be classified?
Official text
We show statutory text only after checking it word for word against the official source. Read Section 23 of the B.S.A. 2023 on India Code.
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