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Constitution of India

Article 254, Constitution

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Constitutional Law II Case compilation

57 Landmark Constitutional Cases: Complete Notes

About this topic ▶ Watch this part of the lecture (0:00) These notes cover the 57 most important cases of Indian Constitutional Law . They are the cases that keep coming up in LL.B. examinations, in judiciary examinations and in every serious discussion of constitutional law. Every case is studied…

411 min read

Constitutional Law I Complete notes

Constitution I One Shot

Definition: Constitutionalism is a system that gives legitimacy to a democratic government.

69 min read

Labour Law II (Wages & Social Security)

Labour Law II: 2-Hour Study Guide

These notes cover Labour Law II (Social Security Legislations) for the LL.B. course, following the course outline for July–November 2026 (NLU Odisha, Cuttack). The material is arranged in seven modules and 117 numbered concepts, followed by a last-minute revision section.

237 min read

Case laws

Vijay Kumar Sharma

Supreme Court of India · 1990

The Supreme Court held that the Karnataka Contract Carriages Acquisition Act, 1976 was not repugnant to the Motor Vehicles Act, 1988, so the State Act remained valid. Applying the doctrine of pith and substance, the Court found that the State Act was a law of acquisition under Entry 42 of List III, while the Central Act was a general regulatory law under Entry 35 of List III. The case is a leading example of how Article 254 and repugnancy should be approached: identify each law's real purpose first, and do not assume a conflict in a hurry.

Constitutional Law II

Practice MCQs

4 practice questions test this article.

  1. 1 A State law on a Concurrent List matter conflicts with an existing Central law. The State law was reserved for the President's consideration and received assent. Later, Parliament enacts a new law on the same matter. Acc...
  2. 2 A State makes a wage rule, on a subject in the Concurrent List, that is lower than the standard in the Central Labour Code. The State law has not received the President's assent. According to the lecture, which law preva...
  3. 3 In Innoventive Industries Limited versus I.C.I.C.I. Bank, the corporate debtor said that notifications under the Maharashtra Relief Undertakings Special Provisions Act, 1958 had suspended its liabilities. According to th...
  4. 4 In Vijay Kumar Sharma v. State of Karnataka (1990), why did the majority hold that the Karnataka Contract Carriages Acquisition Act, 1976 was not repugnant to the Motor Vehicles Act, 1988?
Practise Constitutional Law I MCQs

Official text

We show statutory text only after checking it word for word against the official source. Read Article 254 of the Constitution of India on India Code.

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