Study material
Published material from The Law Easy that cites Article 51A.
About this topic ▶ Watch this part of the lecture (0:00) These notes cover the 57 most important cases of Indian Constitutional Law . They are the cases that keep coming up in LL.B. examinations, in judiciary examinations and in every serious discussion of constitutional law. Every case is studied…
411 min read
A child born in India before July 1, 1987, automatically acquired Indian citizenship regardless of their parents' nationality.
57 min read
Constitutional Law II deals with civil liberties. It is studied in eight units, from the question of who is a citizen of India to how the Constitution enforces the rights it gives. These rights are at work in ordinary life: when a person speaks his mind online, prays in his own way, or is stopped b…
130 min read
Supreme Court of India · 1986
The Supreme Court held that three schoolchildren of the Jehovah's Witnesses faith, who stood respectfully during the National Anthem but did not sing it because of their sincere religious belief, could not be expelled. Forcing them to sing violated their freedom of conscience and religion under Article 25(1) and their freedom of speech, which includes the freedom to remain silent, under Article 19(1)(a). The case is a leading authority on freedom of religion, tolerance and the rule that executive instructions cannot restrict fundamental rights.
Supreme Court of India · 2018
A five-judge Constitution Bench of the Supreme Court, by a 4:1 majority, held that barring women aged 10 to 50 from the Sabarimala temple was unconstitutional. It struck down Rule 3(b) of the 1965 Rules and held that the right to worship under Article 25(1) belongs equally to women. The case matters because it uses constitutional morality and the essential religious practices test to resolve the clash between faith and gender equality, and its larger questions are now pending before a nine-judge bench.
Supreme Court of India · 1992
In Mohini Jain v. State of Karnataka (1992), the Supreme Court held that the right to education is an integral part of the right to life with dignity under Article 21. It declared the capitation fee system unconstitutional as arbitrary and discriminatory under Article 14. It also struck down the parts of a 1989 Karnataka notification that let private medical colleges charge Rs. 25,000 and Rs. 60,000 a year. The case is the starting point of the right to education in Indian constitutional law.
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