Articles
Clear explanations of Indian law, written for students: concepts, provisions and the cases that shaped them.
Constitutional Law II deals with civil liberties. It is studied in eight units, from the question of who is a citizen of India to how the Constitution enforces the rights it gives. These rights are at work in ordinary life: when a person speaks his mind online, prays in his own way, or is stopped b…
130 min read
About this topic ▶ Watch this part of the lecture (0:00) This topic explains how international law and the law inside a country (municipal law) relate to each other: whether they form one legal system or two, which of them prevails when they clash, and how Indian courts actually treat treaties and…
16 min read
These notes cover kidnapping and abduction under the B.N.S.: the definition of abduction (Section 138), the two kinds of kidnapping (Section 137), the meaning of consent (Section 28), lawful guardianship, punishment (Sections 137(2), 87 and 140), two Supreme Court cases, and the differences between…
18 min read
Concept of Intellectual Property Rights ▶ Watch this part of the lecture (0:00) Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) deal with the "invisible layers" of ownership that exist in everyday objects. An object may feel like one simple thing that its buyer fully owns, but in the eyes of the law it can carr…
11 min read
The central idea of this topic is simple: a plan can divide the work, but the law refuses to divide the guilt. When people commit a crime together, the law can hold each of them responsible for what the group did, even for a blow struck by another person.
24 min read
Introduction : This case addresses whether requiring an accused person to undergo medical tests, such as providing blood and semen samples, violates the constitutional protection against self-incrimination under Article…
255 min read
The objectives of criminal procedure are crucial for the effective functioning of the criminal justice system.
201 min read
Definition: Constitutionalism is a system that gives legitimacy to a democratic government.
69 min read
Before: Workers were treated like machines. Employers could hire and fire them easily. There were no protections for workers.
63 min read
The first Code of Civil Procedure was enacted in 1859 during British rule for courts outside Presidency towns. Revised codes were introduced in 1877 and 1882. The current CPC, 1908, consolidated earlier laws and has bee…
113 min read
A child born in India before July 1, 1987, automatically acquired Indian citizenship regardless of their parents' nationality.
57 min read
An analysis of the origins and classifications of legal principles.
6 min read
