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Study notes and articles

Clear explanations of Indian law, written for students: concepts, provisions and the cases that shaped them.

Administrative Law

Droit Administratif

French administrative law, known as "Droit Administratif" , is a specialized set of rules that outline the organization, powers, and responsibilities of public administration and govern the interactions between the admi…

4 min read

Administrative Law

Principles of Natural Justice and Constitution of India

Article 14 of the Indian Constitution guarantees equality before the law and equal protection of the law for all citizens. It prohibits any form of discrimination and forbids both discriminatory laws and administrative…

8 min read

Administrative Law

Relationship Between Constitutional Law and Administrative Law

Constitutional law and administrative law are closely connected. While administrative law focuses on the organization, powers, functions, and duties of administrative authorities, constitutional law addresses the genera…

7 min read

Law of Contract I (General Principles)

Competent to Contract

Every person is competent to contract if they have the legal capacity to do so. This includes:

5 min read

Law of Contract I (General Principles)

Types of Offer

An offer is the initial step in creating a contract, marking the beginning of a legal commitment between the parties. It's important to understand that acceptance can only be given in response to a prior offer, making t…

8 min read

Law of Contract I (General Principles)

Agreement under the Indian Contract Act, 1872

The definition of an agreement is outlined in section 2(e) of the Indian Contract Act, 1872. An agreement is a promise or set of promises made between two parties, with consideration involved. For instance, in a rent ag…

7 min read

Law of Contract I (General Principles)

Revocation of an Offer

Revocation of an offer means withdrawing or canceling an offer before it is accepted. Acceptance can also be revoked under certain circumstances. Under the Indian Contract Act, 1872, an offer and acceptance form the bas…

3 min read

Law of Contract I (General Principles)

Cross Offer and Counter Offer

In contract law, a cross-offer occurs when two parties simultaneously make offers to each other without either party accepting the other's offer. This situation can create uncertainty about whether a contract has been f…

4 min read

Law of Contract I (General Principles)

Essentials of Valid Acceptance

According to Section 2(b) of the Indian Contract Act 1872, acceptance is the act of expressing assent to a proposal made by another person. When the person to whom the proposal is made agrees to the terms without any co…

7 min read