25:00
Maintenance under Muslim Law
Family Law I
Study material
Explained in
Published material from The Law Easy that cites Section 144.
Video lectures
25:00
28:06
Maintenance under Hindu Law
Family Law I
Notes and articles
B.N.S.S.
30 B.N.S.S. Concepts in Brief: Quick Notes
These quick notes cover 30 core concepts of the B.N.S.S., taken one at a time: the role of the three new criminal codes, classification of offences, F.I.R. and complaint, investigation, arrest and the rights of the arrested person, confessions, search and forensic safeguards, bail (regular, anticip…
25 min read
Constitutional Law II
57 Constitutional Cases in Brief: Quick Notes
Issue: Can the government choose judges even when the Chief Justice disagrees?
48 min read
Constitutional Law II Case compilation
57 Landmark Constitutional Cases: Complete Notes
About this topic ▶ Watch this part of the lecture (0:00) These notes cover the 57 most important cases of Indian Constitutional Law . They are the cases that keep coming up in LL.B. examinations, in judiciary examinations and in every serious discussion of constitutional law. Every case is studied…
411 min read
B.N.S.S. Complete notes
B.N.S.S.: Complete Notes
About this subject ▶ Watch this part of the lecture (0:00) A crime may take a few seconds, but what follows can last for years: information to the police, investigation and perhaps arrest, production before a Magistrate, bail, a report in court, a decision whether to put the person on trial, eviden…
201 min read
Family Law I Complete notes
Family Law I: Complete Notes
Family Law I is the personal law of marriage and family for Hindus and Muslims in India, studied in five units, from what a personal law is and where it comes from, to adoption and the care of a child and the child's property. Marriage, divorce, maintenance and custody touch almost every home, and…
125 min read
Family Law I Complete notes
Family law - I One Shot
Personal laws refer to laws that are specific to a particular religion and govern matters like marriage, divorce, inheritance, adoption, and family relationships. These laws are deeply rooted in the traditions, customs…
142 min read
Gender and Law Complete notes
Gender and Law: Complete Notes
About this subject ▶ Watch this part of the lecture (0:00) Gender and Law is studied in six units, from what gender is and how the State has used it, to how stereotypes about women and men shape the reasoning of courts. Gender is not a subject only about women: it quietly decides who cooks at home…
101 min read
Family Law I
Judicial Separation
Judicial separation is a matrimonial remedy under the Hindu Marriage Act, 1955. The topic covers what judicial separation is and how it differs from divorce, the remedy under Section 10, the grounds borrowed from Section 13(1) and Section 13(2), the court's power under Section 13A to grant judicial…
17 min read
Family Law I Case compilation
Landmark Cases of Family law - I
Fact: Appellant alleged bigamy under Sec. 494, IPC, as per Hindu customs, against her tribal husband. Appellant claimed tribal custom mandates monogamy.
21 min read
Family Law I
Maintenance Under Muslim Law
About this topic ▶ Watch this part of the lecture (0:00) Maintenance under Muslim law deals with who must support whom, the legal routes for enforcing that duty, and how a Muslim wife's right changes during the marriage, during iddat and after iddat. The topic runs through the Shah Bano judgment, t…
25 min read
Family Law I
Maintenance under Hindu Law
About this topic ▶ Watch this part of the lecture (0:00) Maintenance under Hindu law is spread across three different sources, and most exam problems on the topic are really asking which remedy (which "door") a particular claimant should use. The topic is best understood relationship by relationshi…
24 min read
Family Law I
Marriage under Muslim Law
About this topic ▶ Watch this part of the lecture (0:00) These notes cover marriage ( nikah ) under Muslim law: its nature as a civil contract, the essentials of a valid nikah, capacity to marry, the Sunni classification of marriages into valid, void and irregular, the prohibited relationships, the…
17 min read
Family Law I
Muta Marriage
Meaning and recognition of muta ▶ Watch this part of the lecture (0:00) A muta is a marriage contract with an end date, much like a rent agreement. When that date arrives, the marriage is over. Nobody pronounces talaq, and nobody goes to court. The word muta means enjoyment . Key point Muta is a te…
7 min read
Family Law I
Restitution of Conjugal Rights
About this topic ▶ Watch this part of the lecture (0:00) Restitution of conjugal rights is the remedy by which one spouse asks the court for an order sending the other spouse back home. It is found in Section 9 of the Hindu Marriage Act, 1955 . Example Three files on a Family Court judge's desk, ea…
23 min read
Family Law I
Sources and Schools of Muslim Law
This topic answers two questions that sit at the base of Muslim law:
15 min read
Case laws
Danial Latifi
Supreme Court of India · 2001
A five-judge Constitution Bench of the Supreme Court upheld the Muslim Women (Protection of Rights on Divorce) Act, 1986. It read the Act so that a divorced Muslim woman's rights stay safe: the husband must make a reasonable and fair provision for her future within the iddat period, and that provision continues to benefit her after iddat until she remarries. The case matters because it saved the Act through constitutional interpretation while keeping alive the basic purpose of the Shah Bano judgment.
Constitutional Law II
Shah Bano
Supreme Court of India · 1985
A five-judge bench of the Supreme Court held that Section 125 of the Criminal Procedure Code (now Section 144 B.N.S.S.) is a secular provision that applies to all wives, including divorced Muslim women, regardless of religion. A divorced Muslim wife who cannot maintain herself can claim maintenance beyond the iddat period, and payment of mehr does not end this duty. The judgment started a nationwide debate on personal law versus secular law, led to the Muslim Women (Protection of Rights on Divorce) Act, 1986, and revived the debate on a Uniform Civil Code under Article 44.
Constitutional Law II
Practice MCQs
10 practice questions test this section.
- 1 A Hanafi Muslim father refuses to maintain his illegitimate child. Based on the text, which statement is correct?
- 2 A Muslim woman was divorced by her husband. Her iddat period is over, she has not remarried, and she cannot maintain herself, while her husband has sufficient means. Applying Shah Bano, can she claim maintenance under Se...
- 3 A muta wife who is unable to maintain herself is neglected by her husband, who has sufficient means. According to the lecture, can she seek maintenance?
- 4 In Chand Patel v. Bismillah Begum, the husband argued that his marriage with the sister of his living wife was void and that he therefore owed no maintenance. What did the Supreme Court hold?
- 5 In Mohammad Abdul Samad v. State of Telangana (2024), what did the Supreme Court hold about the relationship between the 1986 Muslim Women (Protection of Rights on Divorce) Act and Section 125 of the Criminal Procedure C...
Official text
We show statutory text only after checking it word for word against the official source. Read Section 144 of the B.N.S.S. 2023 on India Code.
Open India Code