Learn Law. Understand Law. Apply Law.

Indian law, explained simply and accurately.

Clear notes, landmark judgments, complete video courses and practice questions for LL.B., judiciary and law entrance students. Free to learn.

Try: Kesavananda Bharati Free consent Theft under B.N.S. Basic structure Res judicata

Study articles: 506study articles
Case explanations: 82case explanations
Complete courses: 16complete courses
Hours of lectures: 149hours of lectures
Practice MCQs: 3,651practice MCQs

Complete courses

Learn a whole subject, chapter by chapter

Full-length lectures with chapter navigation, notes and practice questions.

All courses

3h 56m

Transfer of Property Act, 1882

Transfer of Property Act, 1882 Complete Course

89 chapters Free video course

2h 53m

Corporate Insolvency Law

Corporate Insolvency Law Complete Course

100 chapters Free video course

5h 27m

B.N.S.S.

B.N.S.S. Complete Course

78 chapters Free video course

2h 41m

Gender and Law

Gender and Law Complete Course

27 chapters Free video course

8h 43m

Constitutional Law II

57 Landmark Constitutional Cases Complete Course

59 chapters Free video course

3h 9m

Alternative Dispute Resolution

ADR Complete Course

23 chapters Free video course

Law subjects

Start with a subject

Every subject brings together its notes, judgments, lectures and MCQs.

All 30 subjects

Constitutional Law I

Constitutionalism, Preamble, federalism, separation of powers, Union & State executive, Parliament, judiciary (appointments), Centre-State legislative relations, elections

33 articles 3 cases 78 videos

Constitutional Law II

Citizenship, "State" under Article 12, Fundamental Rights (Arts 14-32), amendability of the Constitution

34 articles 58 cases 101 videos

Administrative Law

Nature and scope, rule of law, separation of powers, delegated legislation, natural justice, administrative discretion and adjudication, judicial review, remedies, State liability, ombudsman.

36 articles 21 videos

Human Rights Law

International and Indian human-rights framework (UDHR, covenants, PHRA 1993, NHRC).

26 articles 21 videos

Public International Law

Nature and sources of international law, State recognition/jurisdiction/responsibility/succession, treaties, individuals, extradition, ICJ and settlement of disputes.

44 articles 1 case 72 videos

B.N.S.

Substantive criminal law under the B.N.S., 2023: general principles, offences against the human body, property offences and landmark cases.

24 articles 106 videos

B.N.S.S.

Criminal procedure under the B.N.S.S., 2023: FIR, investigation, arrest, bail, trial and appeals, with landmark cases.

35 articles 60 videos

B.S.A.

The law of evidence under the B.S.A., 2023: relevancy, admissions, confessions, documentary and electronic evidence, witnesses and burden of proof.

33 articles 30 videos

Case law library

Landmark judgments, explained

Facts, issues, judgment and the principle you need to remember, in plain English.

Browse case laws

The Supreme Court held that freedom of speech and expression and the freedom to carry on a profession, trade or business through the internet are protected under Article 19(1)(a) and 19(1)(g), and can be restricted only within Article 19(2) and 19(6). It ruled that internet suspension can only be temporary, that restriction orders must be published, that Section 144 CrPC cannot be used to suppress legitimate dissent, and that all restrictions must pass the proportionality test. It is the leading case on digital rights and internet shutdowns in India.

Constitutional Law II

First Judges Case

Supreme Court of India · 1981

In S. P. Gupta v. Union of India (1981), a seven-judge bench of the Supreme Court held that 'consultation' with the judiciary in appointing judges does not mean 'concurrence'. Consultation is mandatory and must be full and effective, but the final decision rests with the President acting on the advice of the Council of Ministers. The case also widened locus standi, laying a foundation for public interest litigation, and linked the right to know to Article 19(1)(a). It was later overruled by the Second Judges Case of 1993.

Constitutional Law II

Pradeep Kumar Biswas

2002

A seven-judge Constitution Bench of the Supreme Court held, by a majority of five to two, that the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (C.S.I.R.) is "State" under Article 12 because the government controls it deeply and pervasively in financial, functional and administrative matters. The Court overruled the earlier Sabhajit Tewary decision. The case gave the leading test for deciding when a body counts as "other authority" under Article 12, and the test looks at substance, not form.

Constitutional Law II

Ashok Kumar Thakur

Supreme Court of India · 2008

A five-judge Constitution Bench of the Supreme Court upheld the Ninety-third Constitutional Amendment, which inserted Article 15(5), and the Central Educational Institutions Reservation in Admission Act, 2006, including 27% O.B.C. reservation in central institutions such as I.I.T.s, I.I.M.s and central universities. It held that the creamy layer must be excluded from O.B.C. reservation, but not from S.C./S.T. (as the law stood then). It also held that excluding minority institutions does not violate Article 14. The case is a key decision on balancing reservation in higher education with merit, equality and the basic structure.

Constitutional Law II

Case explanation videos

Daily legal question

One question a day keeps revision on track

Law of Torts Hard

Which of the following statements about the Bhopal gas tragedy case, Union Carbide Corporation v. Union of India, is correct?

Option A: The Supreme Court laid down the rule of absolute liability for the first time while deciding this case.
Option B: The Supreme Court ordered Union Carbide to pay US$ 470 million as fines and punitive damages.
Option C: In 1991 the Supreme Court set aside the settlement and directed a full trial on absolute liability.
Option D: In 1989 the Supreme Court recorded a settlement under which Union Carbide paid US$ 470 million for the benefit of all the victims.

See answer and explanation

Practice MCQs

Practise by subject, topic or case

Every answer comes with an explanation and the legal provision behind it.

Constitutional Law I Constitutional Law II Administrative Law Human Rights Law Public International Law B.N.S. B.N.S.S. B.S.A. Law of Contract I (General Principles) Law of Contract II (Specific Contracts)

Quick practice10 random questions Timed mock testsExam-style, auto-marked

Mock tests

Test yourself under exam conditions

Server-timed tests with instant results, explanations and topic-wise analysis.

All mock tests

Constitutional Law I Constitutional Law I Mock Test 1 20 questions 24 minutes Constitutional Law I Constitutional Law I Mock Test 2 20 questions 24 minutes Constitutional Law II Constitutional Law II Mock Test 1 20 questions 24 minutes Administrative Law Administrative Law Mock Test 1 20 questions 24 minutes Human Rights Law Human Rights Law Mock Test 1 20 questions 24 minutes Public International Law Public International Law Mock Test 1 20 questions 24 minutes

One-shot revision

Complete notes and case compilations

All complete notes

Case-law compilations

Complete notes by subject

Articles

Recently published notes

All articles

Constitutional Law I Case compilation

40 Important Constitutional Law Case Laws

Decided: 1967. Core question: Can a public electricity board ignore the Constitution just because it sells electricity? The answer changed how courts understand the meaning of "the State".

80 min read 2 Nov 2026

B.N.S.S. Case compilation

Criminal Procedure (B.N.S.S.): 30 Important Supreme Court Case Laws

Can a police officer refuse to record a serious complaint simply because the officer doubts the story? More broadly, can the police delay or refuse registration of an FIR?

104 min read 2 Nov 2026

Banking Law Case compilation

Banking Law: 29 Important Case Laws

Question: Can the Government take over large banks and still be required to respect individual rights?

87 min read 2 Nov 2026

Media Law Case compilation

Media Law: 30 Important Case Laws

This case tests whether a law protecting journalists can also limit press freedom. Can a newspaper refuse to follow a law that protects its own journalists? If paying proper wages becomes expensive, does that alone make the labour law unconstitutional?

95 min read 2 Nov 2026

Constitutional Law I

Sukanya Shantha v. Union of India (2024): Caste Rules in Prisons

In Sukanya Shantha v. Union of India (2024) the Supreme Court struck down caste-based allocation of prison work and barracks and ordered prison manuals to be revised.

4 min read 2 Nov 2026

B.S.A.

Accident or Intention? Similar Occurrences under Section 13 B.S.A.

Under Section 13 B.S.A., a series of similar occurrences involving the same person is relevant to decide whether an act was accidental or intentional.

4 min read 2 Nov 2026

Video lectures